![]() ![]() While VLC is more popular for being one of the most versatile media players, it is quite an effective tool to set a live wallpaper to your desktop. ![]() It gives an easy and convenient way to browse through your entire desktop. The app itself follows Windows 10s Fluent Design very well, so it feels right at home on your desktop. The ultimate desktop wallpaper/screensavers utility is finally here Live Desktop is a full featured screensaver and a super awesome desktop wallpaper organizer with all the best features available in any screensaver program of its kind. It supports all types of high-definition or full-HD video files, dual monitors, as well as sound and video playback when turned on. Now, a drop-down menu will appear, click on the ‘ Set as Wallpaper‘ button. This app lets you set daily wallpapers from either Bings daily images or the Windows spotlight. DesktopHut is a free app that enables you to use a video file as a desktop background in Windows 11 live. After that click on the ‘ Video‘ button available in the toolbar. Open any of your videos on the VLC media player that you want to use as a live wallpaper.Ģ. So, follow these steps in order to get live wallpapers:ġ. The VLC media player comes with a Wallpaper tool that can help you to create and set live wallpapers on your Windows 10. VLC is a well-known media player which you can make use of to create live wallpapers. Thanks for the suggestion, I ended up using coloros organic. it's doesn't really take up a lot of ram. MyLiveWallpaper is best suited for anime lovers as its large library of live wallpaper has categorized sections of several anime.Īpart from these live wallpaper software for Windows 10, there are quick workarounds that you can use to set Live wallpapers. This one is my ffee soda and blueberry soda live wallpapers.you can choose from google wallpaper app once installed. Its list of animated wallpapers runs long and it is even supported on your mobile device. It features an interface similar to that of Waifu but it has way more options and offers greater compatibility. Tons of wallpapers to choose from and every wallpaper syncs with Razer Chroma. In fact, you don’t even need fancy wallpapers. Bring your PC desktop to life with premium high quality enhanced wallpapers. Weve gathered more than 5 Million Images. MyLiveWallpapers has a comprehensive library of wallpapers of various categories from anime to nature. You don’t need a third-party app if you have your own collection of wallpapers to work with. Explore a curated colection of Free Live Wallpaper Apps Desktop Images for your Desktop, Mobile and Tablet screens. ![]()
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![]() See who’s at the door and use two-way talk to tell a delivery person to leave a package or a friend you’ll be home later. Smart Doorbell: The 1080p doorbell camera allows you to answer the doorbell with your smart device, no matter where you are. While some other security system companies offer a slew of smart home capabilities that easily integrate, Night Owl really only offers two features besides security cameras: Overall, we were quite troubled by the reviews and the amount of issues that customers have with the Night Owl mobile app. Still more say the two-way talk isn’t loud enough and complain that there’s no rewind or fast forward function in the app. Others say they have trouble with connectivity. Some say the app is not intuitive to use. However, in the app-store reviews, users have several common complaints. Speak to people near your camera with two-way talk.Use face detection and receive alerts when unfamiliar faces are detected with the camera.Receive push notifications about activity picked up by the camera.Save recordings and images to your smart device.See and hear live video and audio from your camera(s).The app is meant to give users the ability to: But the Night Owl Connect app isn’t rated well and is one of the system’s biggest flaws. Security system apps can be really useful, allowing users to check their security systems remotely from anywhere in the world. Other than cameras, Night Owl really only offers two other smart home products, a smart doorbell, and a Wifi-enabled smart safe. If being able to see your info easily on your phone is important to you, this is a real issue. Users have complained that it doesn’t always work properly and isn’t intuitive to use. The Night Owl Connect app really doesn’t get great reviews. ![]() However, you can pay $4 to $10 per month for cloud storage if you do want it. However, because it’s a self-monitored system, and video footage can be stored locally on a MicroSD card or a hard drive, so you don’t have to pay a monthly subscription fee. You’ll likely spend several hundred dollars (or more) upfront for equipment, depending on which system you choose. Night Owl cameras themselves aren’t cheap. It also offers a simple return process with free shipping if you find your equipment is defective within the warranty period. The company offers 24/7 phone assistance, in case you need help along the way. Night Owl equipment is meant to be DIY installed. However, some users have complained that the night vision range isn’t high enough and that the cameras don’t have much longevity, breaking or stopping working long before expected. Night Owl cameras have good picture quality and desirable features such as night vision and two-way talk. But customer complaints about problems with app functionality and longevity of the system are big downers. Night Owl provides decent quality equipment for customers who want to install and monitor their own security system and who don’t want to pay monthly fees for video storage. However, a wired system usually has a more reliable connection. A wireless system tends to be easier to set up, since there are no wires to connect to the unit. DVR stands for digital video recorder a DVR connects through wires to analog (wired) cameras. NVR stands for network video recorder an NVR connects wirelessly to an IP (internet protocol) camera or cameras. If you’re not familiar with the terms, it can be a bit confusing, so let’s break them down. NVRs and DVRs are used to connect a system of video cameras, record the footage and allow you to play it back. One of the biggest considerations in choosing a Night Owl Security camera system is whether or not you prefer an NVR or DVR. ![]() However, note that it’s just a camera system and doesn’t offer door and window sensors or the option to have professional monitoring like more traditional security systems do. Customers find that they are generally able to select the right camera equipment for their needs and wants. Since Night Owl carries a ton of different types of cameras, it’s known for its flexibility. ![]() The company creates good quality security cameras that are designed to be self-monitored. Night Owl is fairly new on the security scene, but it has grown quickly in recent years. If you’re looking for a reasonably priced DIY security camera system, you might consider Night Owl Security. ![]() ![]() ![]() Packaged in gift boxes and baskets, they are sweet gifts for birthdays, special occasions, corporate holiday gifts or just to say thank you. Sunkist individually-wrapped fruit gems 32oz (2 lb) pouch 2 pound (pack of 1): Grocery & Gourmet Food : Individually wrapped, each fruit gem is fresh and. We have lots of giant candy, and even a fun mystery bag of candy! In addition, we hand dip outrageously delicious chocolate covered pretzels, Oreo and Nutter Butter cookies, and other treats. ![]() And, if you need to send a gift, you’ve come to the right place. Looking for help with a candy buffet? We are candy buffet specialists! Check out our informational series of short videos and infographics to learn how to make your own DIY successful candy buffet. The fresh-picked flavors of orange, lemon, grapefruit, raspberry, and lime fill every delicious bite of Sunkist Fruit Gems. Party planning couldn't be easier with candy by color selections of hard candy, gummies, M&M's, jelly beans, sour candy, and a rainbow of foil wrapped chocolates. Refer to product labeling or contact manufacturer directly for current data.ĭid you know - All City Candy has a full line of bulk candy for events and parties such as weddings, graduations, birthdays, and baby showers. Ingredients and nutritional information provided by manufacturer and considered accurate at time of posting. Ingredients: Sugar, tapioca syrup, citrus pectin, citric acid, natural flavors, sodium citrate, orange juice from orange puree concentrate, raspberry juice from concentrate, vegetable and fruit juice (color), grapefruit juice from concentrate, lime juice from concentrate, lemon juice from lemon puree concentrate, turmeric (color), color added. Looking for a different size? See our entire c ollection of Jelly Belly Sunkist Fruit Gems in a variety of packaging options.įacebook | Instagram | YouTube | Pinterest Flavors include: Orange, Lemon, Grapefruit, Lime and Raspberry.īag contains about 90 individually wrapped pieces (30 servings). ![]() These individually wrapped candies are made with colors from natural sources. Individually wrapped candies are a cool treat whether you’re at home, at work, or on the go.Soft, chewy candies with intense fruit flavors. Great for party favors and big candy bowls. Such a large variety of choices, this fruit jelly candy mix has something to satisfy any craving. The ingredients are sugar, natural flavors, sodium citrate, orange juice, raspberry juice from concentrate, vegetable and fruit juice colors. Sunkist fruit candy jelly contains Zero (0) Fat, just 20g of sugar to give it a taste, 130 calories per serving. Lemon Lime Orange Pink Grapefruit Raspberry Jelly Belly, Sunkist, Fruit Gems, Soft Fruit Candies, 2lb Bag (Pack of 2) 94.94 94. Airheads Singles Blue Raspberry, 15.6 g (Pack of 36) 4.6 out of 5 stars 406. Individually wrapped, each fruit gem is fresh and perfect for tossing in your bag, filling your candy jar, adding to your candy buffet tables, and more. Sunkist Individually-Wrapped Fruit Gems 2 lb Pouch. From the moment you pop one in your mouth, you'll be wowed by the rich, juicy fruit flavor. A unique assortment of candy goodness that caters to everyone!ĭon't be deceived by the small size of these Jelly Belly Sunkist Fruit Gems. Approximate Dimensions: 1. Bag contains about 90 individually wrapped pieces (30 servings). Flavors include: Orange, Lemon, Grapefruit, Lime and Raspberry. Our mission is to create the perfect bundles for peoples to sample and experience new great flavors. Soft, chewy candies with intense fruit flavors. These individually wrapped fruit slices are taken by Sunkist favorite drinks and then we have converted them into these tasty fruit gems. Each gem tastes so fresh and juicy you'll get a feel of biting the real juicy fruit. Sunkist Fruit Gems are made with non-GMO ingredients, colors from natural sources and five intense fruit juice flavors for everyone to share and enjoy. ![]() ![]() ![]() Regarding the backstory of the sneaker, the overall concept of the release is an homage to mom and pop shops. For starters, the Air Jordan 1 High OG Chicago Reimagined is actually named the Air Jordan 1 High OG Lost & Found. UPDATE (8/15): We got a whole lot of updates to share with you. UPDATE (8/16): beechkicks_ and zsneakerheadz give us a detailed look at the Air Jordan 1 High OG Lost & Found. A release is currently expected on November 19th for $180. UPDATE (9/26): Check out on-feet images of the Air Jordan 1 High OG Lost & Found via yankeekicks. It’s happening, y’all! It’s really happening. For quite some time, Jordan retros have been sitting China, who wants to bet that that won’t be the case with this release? New images courtesy of (10/11): With the debut slated to take place next month, Nike drops official images of the Air Jordan 1 High OG Lost & Found. China is set to release the sneakers on November 11th, aka the country’s busiest shopping day of the year: Single’s Day. UPDATE (11/2): As we all patiently wait for the Air Jordan 1 High OG Lost & Found to drop stateside on November 19th, we just got word that the highly-coveted Air Jordan 1 release will be debuting in China first. This will without a doubt be one of the best, if not the best Jordan Brand release of 2022. With this upcoming release, this is as close as we can get to owning just that. 99.9% of us don’t own a pair of 1985 Chicago 1s. Although this “Lost & Found” version is not quite a true to OG release, it’s definitely done in a manner that many of us can appreciate. The last time the Air Jordan 1 High OG Chicago dropped was back in 2015. Although the Chicago 1 was not the first colorway of the Air Jordan 1 that Michael Jordan got to lace up (Bred 1s were), the timeless Black, Red and White (Bulls) color scheme has grown to become a fan favorite the majority sneakerheads. The Chicago pair could also very well be the most popular OG colorway of the Air Jordan 1. In other news, the NOCTA x Nike Air Force 1 Low Certified Lover Boy will actually be releasing to the public.ĪBOUT THE MODEL: The Air Jordan 1 High OG is arguably the most beloved sneaker in the Jordan signature line. For a complete guide including official photos, release dates, pricing and where to buy, visit: Air Jordan 1 High OG Lost & Found. The Air Jordan 1 High OG Lost & Found will retail for $180 and is currently slated to release on November 19th at select retailers and Nike SNKRS. ![]() Other details include the refined Wings logo on the collar and Muslin-colored tongues. The design of the sneaker looks to replicate the distressed look of older pairs by coming equipped with cracks all throughout the toe box, mid-panel, and collar, while the soles are also aged to recreate the dustiness that is common when you end up leaving sneakers in storage for too long. ![]() Additionally, the sneaker is equipped with a slightly larger Swoosh on the side panels as well as a formed toe box. The Air Jordan 1 High OG Lost & Found is said to mirror the release of 1994. Aside from the vintage box, other much-appreciated packaging details include a vintage receipt, discount stickers and even some newspaper with vintage Air Jordan 1 advertisements on it. The mix up concept presents the idea of “Lost and Found” to give you an aged filter look to this old classic. ![]() Imagine the Chicago 1s in storage packed up in beat up boxes, which even includes a replacement AJKO lid. From the special custom packaging to the retro-inspired details, everything plays a part in imagining a scenario in which you come a DS pair of Chicago 1s in the basement/storage of these very mom and pop shops. Though not quite an actual retro release of Air Jordan 1 High OG Chicago, this new “Lost & Found” rendition of the sneaker is a refreshing take on a classic colorway of the Air Jordan 1 High OG. The Air Jordan 1 High OG Lost & Found, previously known as the Air Jordan 1 High OG Chicago Reimagined, is without a doubt the most anticipated Jordan Brand release of 2022. ![]() ![]() ![]() Must be signed in to your Treats account to receive discount. Certain products and brands are not eligible for sitewide offers or promotions and specifically excludes: select products from The Pharmacy at PetSmart, all Royal Canin and Eukanuba products, all services, give cards, gift certificates, previous purchases and charitable donations. Save 35% on your first Autoship order up to a maximum savings of $20.00 and 5% on all recurring orders. Terms and conditions of this offer are subject to change at the sole discretion of PetSmart. Transaction total is prior to taxes & after discounts are applied. Limited to one time per customer during the offer period. ![]() Offer may not be combined with other promotional offers or discounts and specifically excludes any available Autoship offers. Offer not valid on services, gift cards, gift certificates, previous purchases, charitable donations, and may exclude all or select items from various brands. Discount taken off highest priced qualifying item in cart. Must be signed into your Treats account prior to purchase. Offer valid with Treats membership online only at or on the app. Save $10 off your first purchase of $50 or more in Pharmacy. Use MERRICK10 online at checkout or Treats membership ID in stores. ᵻᵻOffer valid through 8/27 in stores & online on large Merrick dog food bags (20lb or more). See product page for eligibility and offer details. Quantities may be limited and deliveries may be delayed. ![]() Offer may not be combinable with other promotional offers or discounts. Savings will automatically reflect in shopping cart with purchase of qualifying product. Offer not valid on veterinary care, services, gift cards, gift certificates, previous purchases & charitable donations. See product page to determine eligibility. Save 20% online only for merchandise on or the PetSmart app. Check the website to see what items are eligible. ![]() For items you purchase frequently, PetSmart has Autoship that automatically delivers the items you want to your door as often as you’d like. Need something today? We have select items available for same-day delivery in most areas powered by DoorDash. PetSmart also offers convenient shopping with curbside or in-store pickup. While you’re here, pick up your canine companion’s favorite dog food and dog treats as well. Need more supplies for your pup’s mealtimes? PetSmart carries other dog food-related products including dog food storage, dog food scoops, and placemats to minimize messes. We carry other types of dog food & water bowls including: Once you find your automatic dog bowl and dog water dispenser, shop the rest of what PetSmart has to offer. From automatic dog water dispensers that refill using gravity to filtered dog water fountains, you will find what you need at PetSmart. Need a dog water dispenser to make sure your pup stays hydrated too? We have what you need. Some automatic dog bowls even come with functions that dispense food multiple times a day to break up mealtimes. At each mealtime, the automatic dog feeder dispenses the perfect amount of dry dog food for your furry friend. Their built-in timers allow pet parents to schedule out meal times so their pup is fed at the same exact time every day. Programmable, automatic dog feeders are designed for dry dog food for easy dispensing. No matter what kind of canine companion you have at home, we carry the best automatic dog feeders that will work for your family.Īutomatic dog bowls are growing in popularity as they help pet parents provide consistent meal timing and portion sizes to their four-legged best friends. Our selection of automatic dog bowls & feeders allows your pup to get the food they need, whenever they need it. Whether you need help adding structure to your dog’s mealtime or just need a way to feed them while you’re out of the house, PetSmart makes it easy. Keep feeding time organized with an automatic dog feeder. ![]() ![]() ![]() This coverage does not apply to any partner resorts. It also expands coverage to protect you from certain resort closures. 5 consecutive days at Hakuba Valley's ten resortsĮpic Coverage is included at no cost for all pass holders, and provides refunds associated with certain personal events, including illness, job loss, and injury.Unlimited access to the resorts below (holiday restrictions apply):ġ0 days combined to the resorts below (holiday restrictions apply):Īdditional access to partner resorts (no holiday restrictions): International: 5 days at Andermatt-Sedrun-Disentis. Ohio: Alpine Valley, Boston Mills, Brandywine, Mad River Mountain.Plus, discounted tickets for you, friends and family. Refunds for job loss, injury, illness & more with Epic Coverage. Includes Epic Mountain Rewards 20 off food, lodging, group lessons, rentals and more. Enjoy access to Northstar, Heavenly, Kirkwood and more. Pennsylvania: Jack Frost, Whitetail Resort, Roundtop Mountain Resort, Liberty Mountain Resort, Big Boulder, Seven Springs, Hidden Valley, Laurel Mountain THE PERFECT PASS TO SKI AND RIDE AT LAKE TAHOE.Utahs 15 ski and snowboard resort season pass prices and options are listed below. New Hampshire: Mount Sunapee, Wildcat Mountain, Attitash Mountain Resort, Crotched Mountain Utah resorts offer a variety of season pass options, from family & college options through to weekday and nights.Rockies : Breckenridge, Keystone, Crested Butte Unlimited access to the resorts below (no holiday restrictions): The Epic Local Pass is valid throughout the 23/24 ski season (November 2023 - May 2024 depending on ski resort opening/closing day) with some holiday restrictions ( November 24 & 25, 2023 December 26-31, 2023 JanuFebruary 17 & 18, 2024 ). ![]() ![]() ![]() jpg file for the original photo may have been 3 MB (megabytes), the file that is uploaded is compressed to about half that. Your 12 megapixel photo will still be 12 megapixels, but where the. It does take your photo and compresses the file size while maintaining the same number of pixels. So it sounds like it only reduces your photo if it’s more than 16 megapixels right? Well, not exactly. That’s more than most digital cameras offer today. What is High Quality?Īt the High Quality size, Google maintains your photos’ pixels up to 16 MegaPixels. Learn more from the Google Photos Help page. YES!! If you choose the photo size called High Quality and not Original, Google Photos will store your entire photo library of many thousands of photos, for free. Google Photos will store your entire library, many thousands of photos, for free!
![]() ![]() Flexible cord and flexible cable, including tinsel cord and extension cords, and fixture wires shall be protected against overcurrent by either 240.5(A) or (B). Lighting units, cord-and-plugconnected utilization equipment notįastened in place, or both, are also supplied.Ģ40.5 Protection of Flexible Cords, Flexible Cables, and Fixture Wires. Not exceed 50 percent of the branch-circuit ampere rating where Utilization equipment fastened in place, other than luminaires, shall (2) Utilization Equipment Fastened in Place. Shall not exceed 80 percent of the branch-circuit ampere rating. The rating of any oneĬord-and-plug-connected utilization equipment not fastened in place Permitted to supply lighting units or other utilization equipment, orĪ combination of both, and shall comply with 210.23(A)(1) and (A)(2).Įxception: The small-appliance branch circuits, laundry branchĬircuits, and bathroom branch circuits required in a dwelling unit(s)īy 210.11(C)(1), (C)(2), and (C)(3) shall supply only the receptacleĮquipment Not Fastened in Place. A 15- or 20-ampere branch circuit shall be Through (D) and as summarized in 210.24 and Table 210.24. The loads specified according to its size as specified in 210.23(A) A branchĬircuit supplying two or more outlets or receptacles shall supply only In no case shall the load exceed the branch-circuit ampere rating. An individual branch circuit shall be permitted to supply any load for which it is rated, but in no case shall the load exceed the branch-circuit ampere rating.Ģ10.23 Permissible Loads, Multiple-Outlet Branch Circuits. These requirements are not new in the 2014 standard.Ģ10.22 Permissible Loads, Individual Branch Circuits. Note: In the 2011 edition, the text of 210.22 and 210.23 were in a single clause, but essentially said the same thing. combination switch/occupancy sensor, combination switch/timer) have wires smaller than 14AWG. ceiling fans, dome lights) and light switches with built-in wires (e.g. Note: This is why many lighting fixtures (e.g. I think this is the situation Niall C's answer was explaining.įixture wires in either case must comply with the requirements listed in 240.5. If necessary, I would highly recommend labeling the circuit at the breaker with a note explaining the combination of 12AWG and 14AWG wire on the circuit. In general, I would recommend avoiding mixing 14AWG and 12AWG on the same circuit to avoid confusion. If only part of the circuit is 12AWG while other parts are 14AWG (other than fixture wires), then a 15A breaker must be used because of the allowable ampacity through 14AWG. If the entire circuit is 12AWG (other than fixture wires), then a 20A breaker may be used. ![]() The other answer indicates that it even with 12-2 you have to use a 15A breaker for lighting circuits which is not strictly correct. Yes, it is okay to use 12-2 cable to supply lighting fixtures. You'll probably also find that you won't be able to use the insertion fittings on the back of the switches (but that's OK, IMO, because I always use the screws), and you definitely won't be able to use the electrical nuts that come with your lights, so you'll have to get your own (and making a secure connection might be trickier with 12 gauge). Cons: it's more expensive, harder to work with than 14/2 cable, and you may need to use larger junction boxes because the NEC allows fewer 12 gauge conductors than 14 gauge in a given volume box.Pro: 12/2 cable is a slightly better conductor of electricity, so you'll have slightly less loss between the service panel and your fixtures.You should label the wire that it is 15A, not 20A, so that someone else doesn't come along and treat it as a 20A circuit. Since the maximum current on the circuit will be 15A, you won't need special switches. As long as you have a 15A circuit breaker on that circuit, it's OK to use 12/2 NM cable for your lights. ![]() ![]() ![]() Tim Holt's most notable work includes The Rookie Cop (1939), The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), and The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948). Tim continued to present Western films, until he decided to retire after his film Desert Passage (1952), then he worked as a director of a radio station in Oklahoma. ![]() However, the ourbreak of WWII interrupted his career, as he served in the Air Force, after which he resumed his acting career, participating in B-movies. He showed great comedic abilities in films such as Swiss Family Robinson (1940) and Back Street (1941), and played a dramatic role in Orson Welles' masterpiece The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), but he returned to Western films. ![]() In 1939, he signed on with RKO to star in a series of Western films. Read more Pioneer (1928), when he was 9 years old. He grew up on his father's farm in Fresno, where he learned to ride horses, He appeared in one of his father's films, The Vanishing. Tim Holt is the son of silent film cowboy star Jack Holt. Others should enjoy it also.An American actor born in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, California, on February 5, 1919. If you're a fan this one is not to be missed. He takes on an assumed name and the action begins. To complicate the situation, Tim seeks to help Nancy against his own father's efforts to take over her line. Enter sinister Steve Farley (Archie Twitchell) who naturally wants it all for himself and his henchmen. He wants instead to be a rancher and punch cattle. Tim wants nothing to do with his father's stage business. Tim's father owns one stage line and is attempting to take over another being run by pretty Nancy Kellogg (Luana Walters). Unlike most B westerns, "Thundering Hoofs" has a fairly complex plot. Today Whitley is most famous for writing Gene Autry's theme "Back In The Saddle Again." If you look closely at Whitley's band in the movie, you'll see the somewhat infamous western swing icon Spade Cooley playing the fiddle. He was also adept at riding, roping, and shooting. In "Thundering Hoofs" the talented singer, musician, songwriter, Ray Whitley (who plays Smokey Ryan) provides the singing. Eventually when he teams with Chito music is left out of his movies altogether, except for background accompaniment to enhance the action. This is one of the few weaknesses of the film. He comes across as a poor man's Gabby Hayes. So joke is piled on top of joke ad nauseam about his eating habits. So Tim Holt fans who enjoy seeing Chito may be somewhat disappointed with "Thudering Hoofs." Lee 'Lasses' White, aka Whopper, is weak in the comedy department. Chito came to be one of the best of the cowboy sidekicks, right up there with such greats as Gabby Hayes, Pancho, and Fuzzy St. Later in the 1940's Tim started working with Richard Martin who played the womanizing Mexican-Irish-American Chito Jose Gonzalez Bustamente Rafferty. Fans were never disappointed with a Tim Holt film. "Thundering Hoofs" is a typical early-Tim Holt oater. Some of the finest B westerns of the 40's and 50's were made by Tim Holt. His sister, Jennifer Holt, added depth of character to the roles she played in B westerns. His father, Jack Holt, was one of the best. ![]() He had gritty parts in such movie classics as "The Magnificent Ambersons" and "The Treasure of the Sierra Madre." He came from a family of actors. ![]() ![]() ![]() Something slightly acidic like oleic acid would make sense, as it would react with the metal oxide films and expose bare metal. Exactly what’s in DeoxIt is a trade secret - the Safety Data Sheet lists only “Proprietary Trade Secret” ingredients other than the propellant and mineral spirits. There seems to be an urban legend that the secret sauce is oleic acid, but CAIG denies that in their FAQ page. DeoxIt claims to be a “contact rejuvenator” that contains all sorts of goodies. The gold standard for tough jobs for quite a long time has been DeoxIt by CAIG Laboratories. Sometimes the metal oxide films need a little more persuasion to leave the scene, and in these cases contact cleaners with more complex formulations might be needed. Not all contact cleaning jobs are that simple, though. The volatility of these solvents is key, since it quickly evaporates and leaves little residue behind. So IPA and similar volatile solvents, like my long-ago Freon, are a good first choice for flushing away some of the gunk. Some oxidation flakes off the base metal naturally but still sticks to it via the other gummy debris. But not all contact contamination is in the form of oxides - greases, oils, and organics can foul contacts too - and not all oxides are in the form of tough films. Metal oxides are not especially soluble in alcohols, so it would seem that IPA is a poor choice for dealing with them. This would seem to call for a solvent a little stronger than the lab standard, isopropyl alcohol (IPA). There comes a time when contacts need cleaning, though, and that job mainly consists of removing oxidation. Snubber capacitors can be used to remedy this. If the wetting current is too low, contacts that appear to be physically connected might actually still be open electrically. Wetting current is the minimum current needed to “punch through” the resistance of the oxide layer on contacts. Wetting current is one way of dealing with oxidation. But either way, the heat produced by the arc oxidizes the contacts and can produce debris that interferes with conductivity.Ī certain amount of contact oxidation is unavoidable, and a properly engineered circuit will take it into account. In general, direct current is harder on contacts than alternating current, because AC arcs tend to self-extinguish during zero-crossing. Arcing across contacts can cause corrosion and oxidation too. The copper and zinc oxides are nowhere near as conductive as either base metal, so electrical contacts made of brass can have problems if there’s too much oxidation on them.Įxposure to the atmosphere isn’t the only source of trouble for contacts. Other times, metal oxides cause problems. Sometimes this is handy, as when an aluminum screen door forms a layer of aluminum oxide that makes it essentially impervious to further corrosion. Pure metals rapidly combine with oxygen to form metal oxides, which usually have different properties than the base metal. Oxygen in the atmosphere is the culprit, and metals are the victims. It may not seem like it, but we live at the bottom of an ocean of corrosive gas. Oxidation is the Enemy Badly oxidized game cartridge connectors. With that in mind, I thought I’d look at contact cleaners that are in use today, what’s really going on when you clean contacts, and why contacts even need cleaning in the first place. All I know is that I’ve never found its equal for cleaning electronics gear. I never knew for sure if that stuff was Freon, but it was the mid-80s, shortly before CFCs were banned, so it might have been. He gave me some for my shop in a little jar. He had a 5-gallon pail of cleaning solution under his bench that he told me was Freon, which he swore by for head cleaning and general contact cleaning. I was working for a video production studio at the time, so there was a fair amount in common about our jobs. One of the regular chores we faced was cleaning the heads on tape machines. I visited him at work once, and despite the fact that he wouldn’t let me climb the 1,200′ antenna tower, I had a great time. I had a friend who was an engineer for a small TV station. ![]() |
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